Kidney Cancer
The diagnosis and treatment of kidney cancer has changed remarkably quickly. Although the incidence of renal cell carcinoma has increased, survival has improved substantially. As the incidental diagnosis of indolent small kidney tumor has become more prevalent, active surveillance, robot-assisted surgical techniques, and minimally invasive procedures, such as thermal ablation, have gained popularity.
Despite the progression in cancer control and survival, locally advanced disease and distant metastases are still diagnosed in a remarkable proportion of patients.
Signs and symptoms
Early kidney tumors usually do not cause any signs or symptoms, but larger tumors may. Some of the possible symptoms and signs of kidney cancer are:
- Blood in the urine (hematuria)
- Pain on one side of the lower back (not caused by injury)
- A lump or lump on the side or lower back
- Tiredness (fatigue)
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss without dieting
- Fever that is not caused by an infection and does not go away
- Anemia (low red blood cell counts)
If you notice any of the symptoms, see a health professional.
Treatments
Removal surgery (partial or radical nephrectomy) remains the gold standard for treating kidney tumors. The selection of tumors for partial nephrectomy has long been dictated by the anatomic location of the tumor, the stage, or other characteristics that limit the possibility of a complete resection of the tumor.
Randomized clinical trials have examined the potential of nephron sparing approaches to preserve kidney function and reduce long-term morbidity associated with having a solitary kidney.
Targeted cancer treatment
The cryoablation is a treatment option for kidney, which is increasingly used for cancer stage I. In 2009, the American Urological Association ablation included in their treatment regimens for kidney cancer stage I. National Comprehensive Cancer Network added ablation to its own guidelines in 2018.
The microwave ablation , has been recognized increasingly as a treatment of the, alternative to kidney surgery for patients with contraindications to general anesthesia, high surgical or maximum preservation risk of renal function cancer valuable kidney (Favi et al., Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2019).
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